Lebanese Constitution
Article 13 of the constitution states that “the freedom to express an opinion in speech and in writing, the freedom of printing, the freedom of assembly, and the freedom of association are all guarant ...
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Analysis
The text of Article 13 of the Constitution grants the absolute power to the law to determine the conditions and restrictions for the exercise of freedom of expression which contradicts the text of paragraph 3 of Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which requires that the restrictions specified by the text of the law are necessary: (a) to respect the rights or reputations of others, (b) To protect national security, public order, or public health or morals.
Lebanese Constitution
Article 9 of the Constitution states that “Freedom of belief is absolute, and the state, by performing the duties of reverence for God Almighty, respects all religions and sects and guarantees the fre ...
More DetailsPartially Compliant with Standards
Analysis
If freedom of belief is absolute according to the provisions of Article 9, the text of this article puts the state in a position biased towards the recognized celestial religious groups, which includes recognition of their personal status systems, without mentioning any guarantees or explicit rights for the secular civil society in freedom of belief or its right to pass a unified personal status law. This partially contradicts the text of Article 18 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
Lebanese Constitution
Personal freedom is safeguarded and protected by law. No one may be arrested, imprisoned, or detained except in accordance with the provisions of the law. A crime or punishment cannot be determined e ...
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